{"id":478325,"date":"2023-08-09T09:31:12","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:31:12","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:16:30","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:16:30","slug":"packet-switched-network","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wiki\/packet-switched-network\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 Packet Switched \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (NPL) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a NPL (DCN) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 ARPANET \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0632\u0645\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d<\/strong>: \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 (LAN) \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/strong>: \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0645. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 Packet Switched<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/strong>: \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/strong>: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>IP (\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 IP \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>MPLS (\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>X.25<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 (LAN).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Packet Switched Network \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (VoIP)<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a VoIP \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648<\/strong>: \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629<\/strong>: \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (QoS)\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>IPv6<\/strong>: \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f IPv6\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0641 IPv4\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a (SDN)<\/strong>: \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d SDN \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/strong>: \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (5G) \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 (IoT) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 (NFV)<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d NFV \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 Packet Switched Network<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 IP \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (ISOC)<\/a>: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.netacad.com\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/a>: \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.comsoc.org\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a IEEE<\/a>: \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":478326,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-478325","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Packet Switched Network: A Comprehensive Overview<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is a Packet Switched Network?","answer":"<p>A Packet Switched Network is a communication network that efficiently transmits data in the form of smaller packets, allowing flexible and reliable data transfer across interconnected nodes.<\/p>"},{"question":"Who proposed the concept of Packet Switching, and when was it first implemented?","answer":"<p>The concept of Packet Switching was proposed by Donald Davies in the early 1960s. The first practical implementation took place with the development of the NPL Data Communications Network (DCN) in 1967, which later became part of the pioneering ARPANET.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does a Packet Switched Network work internally?","answer":"<p>Packet Switched Networks break down data into smaller packets, each containing a portion of the original data and control information. These packets are independently forwarded through the network's nodes, reassembling at the destination to reconstruct the original data.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of Packet Switched Networks?","answer":"<p>Some key features of Packet Switched Networks include asynchronous communication, efficient resource utilization, reliability through packet rerouting, and scalability to accommodate growing numbers of devices and users.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of Packet Switched Networks exist?","answer":"<p>Various types of Packet Switched Networks include IP (Internet Protocol), MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching), X.25, and Frame Relay, each with specific characteristics and applications.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are Packet Switched Networks used, and what problems can occur?","answer":"<p>Packet Switched Networks are widely used for internet communication, VoIP, video streaming, online gaming, and more. Potential issues include packet loss, latency, and security concerns, which can be addressed through Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms and encryption protocols.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does the future of Packet Switched Networks look like?","answer":"<p>The future of Packet Switched Networks holds promising technologies such as IPv6 adoption, SDN implementation, 5G networks, and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) to enhance network capabilities and flexibility.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers associated with Packet Switched Networks?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers play a crucial role in Packet Switched Networks by providing anonymity, content filtering, load balancing, and caching, ensuring secure and efficient data transmission.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478325\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/478326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=478325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}