{"id":478275,"date":"2023-08-09T09:30:06","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:30:06","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:16:26","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:16:26","slug":"open-systems-interconnection-osi","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wiki\/open-systems-interconnection-osi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (OSI)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (OSI) \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 7): \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 HTTP\u060c \u0648SMTP\u060c \u0648FTP\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 6): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 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\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 OSI \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 OSI<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c OSI \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong>: \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 OSI \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 OSI<\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c OSI \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c OSI. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 OSI \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0628 \/ \u0625\u0628<\/strong>: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c TCP\/IP (\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\/\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a)\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0640 OSI \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>X.25<\/strong>: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 X.25 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646)<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>ISDN (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629)<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 OSI \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>OSI \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 (LAN) \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 OSI \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644<\/strong>: \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/strong>: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 OSI \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0634\u0631\u0637<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>OSI \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 TCP\/IP<\/td>\n<td>OSI \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 TCP\/IP \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c OSI. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 TCP\/IP \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>OSI \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 ISO\/OSI<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 OSI \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 ISO\/OSI \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>OSI \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c OSI<\/td>\n<td>OSI \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c OSI \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c OSI \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 OSI.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c OSI \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0640 OSI \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a (SDN)<\/strong>: \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 SDN \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 (IoT)<\/strong>: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>5G \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648OSI<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 OSI \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c OSI \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c OSI:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 7)<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a HTTP \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 4)<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 2)<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 MAC (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637) \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 1)<\/strong>: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (OSI)\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/iso-osi-reference-model.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a ISO OSI<\/a> \u2013 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 ISO \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a OSI.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tcpipguide.com\/free\/index.htm\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 TCP\/IP<\/a> \u2013 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0640 TCP\/IP\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c OSI.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sdxcentral.com\/sdn\/definitions\/sdn-explained\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d SDN<\/a> \u2013 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.computerworld.com\/article\/3239678\/the-intersection-of-iot-and-networking.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/a> - \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (OSI) \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631. \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0645\u062d OSI \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 OSI \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-478275","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Open Systems Interconnection (OSI): Facilitating Seamless Communication in the Digital World<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)?","answer":"<p>Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) is a conceptual model that provides a framework for standardizing the functions of telecommunication and computing systems. It allows different systems to communicate with each other seamlessly by defining clear interfaces and functions for each layer.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did OSI originate, and when was it first mentioned?","answer":"<p>The concept of OSI emerged in the 1970s when the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) aimed to address the interoperability challenges arising from proprietary protocols. The first mention of OSI dates back to 1984 when the ISO published the OSI Reference Model.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does OSI work, and what are its internal layers?","answer":"<p>OSI follows a layered architecture, with seven distinct layers: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical. Data passes through these layers from the source to the destination, with each layer adding its header and processing the data as it moves up the layers.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of OSI?","answer":"<p>OSI's key features include standardization, layered architecture, interoperability, flexibility, modularity, and universal acceptance. These features make it a powerful and widely adopted communication framework.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of OSI technologies exist?","answer":"<p>Various technologies follow the OSI model's guidelines, including TCP\/IP, X.25, Frame Relay, ATM, and ISDN. These technologies enable efficient data transmission and communication across networks.<\/p>"},{"question":"How is OSI used, and what challenges does it face?","answer":"<p>OSI is fundamental to almost all network communications, from local area networks (LANs) to the global internet. It faces challenges related to protocol compatibility, network security, performance optimization, and scalability.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does OSI compare to similar terms?","answer":"<p>OSI is a conceptual model, while TCP\/IP is a practical protocol suite based on OSI principles. ISO\/OSI refers to ISO's efforts to create a standardized communication model, often used interchangeably with OSI. The OSI model is the detailed specification of the layers and their functions within the OSI concept.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the future technologies related to OSI?","answer":"<p>Future technologies related to OSI include virtualization, software-defined networking (SDN), Internet of Things (IoT) advancements, and innovations in 5G and beyond cellular networks.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers associated with OSI?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers act as intermediaries between clients and servers, operating at various layers of the OSI model to manage network traffic and enhance security.<\/p>"},{"question":"Where can I find more information about OSI?","answer":"<p>For further exploration of OSI, check out the ISO's official page on the OSI Reference Model, a comprehensive guide to TCP\/IP, information on SDN, IoT and networking, and more through the provided related links.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478275\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=478275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}