{"id":478166,"date":"2023-08-09T09:28:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:28:24","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:16:12","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:16:12","slug":"network-layer","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wiki\/network-layer\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c OSI (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 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\u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 IP \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647:<\/strong> \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 IP \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646):<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 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\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 IP\u060c \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (QoS):<\/strong> \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628<\/th>\n<th>\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>IPv4<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 4\u060c \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 IP \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IPv6<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 6\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 IPv4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>MPLS (\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ICMP (\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a)<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IPsec (\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644 IP \u0648\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a DDoS. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a IPsec \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 IPv4:<\/strong> \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 IPv4 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f IPv6\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 OSI<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 3<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>IPv4\u060c IPv6\u060c ICMP\u060c IPsec\u060c MPLS<\/td>\n<td>TCP\u060c UDP\u060c SCTP\u060c DCCP\u060c SPX<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0650\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 (TCP)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f IPv6:<\/strong> \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 IPv4 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f IPv6 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a (SDN):<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d SDN \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 (NFV):<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d NFV \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 5G:<\/strong> \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647:<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645. \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 IP:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 IP \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc791\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">RFC 791: \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc2460\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">RFC 2460: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 6 (IPv6).<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/about\/press\/internet-protocol-journal\/back-issues\/table-contents-59\/145-mpls.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 MPLS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudflare.com\/learning\/security\/glossary\/what-is-ipsec\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">IPsec: \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opennetworking.org\/sdn-definition\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">SDN: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sdxcentral.com\/nfv\/definitions\/what-is-network-functions-virtualization-nfv\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">NFV: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ipv6monitoring.eu\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f IPv6<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudflare.com\/learning\/cdn\/glossary\/proxy-server\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0640 OneProxy \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":478167,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-478166","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Network Layer: Enhancing Internet Connectivity and Proxy Server Integration<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"<strong>What is the Network layer and why is it important in computer networks?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>The Network layer is a crucial component of the OSI model, responsible for logical addressing, routing, and forwarding of data packets between devices on different networks. It ensures efficient data transmission, seamless communication, and plays a key role in connecting the vast array of devices that make up the internet.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>How did the concept of the Network layer originate?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>The concept of the Network layer emerged in the late 1960s with the development of ARPANET, the precursor to the internet. It was first mentioned by British computer scientist Donald Davies, who proposed \"packet switching\" as a way to efficiently transmit data across interconnected networks.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>What are the key features of the Network layer?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>The Network layer's key features include logical addressing with unique IP addresses, dynamic routing for efficient data transfer, error handling mechanisms, and the ability to fragment and reassemble data packets.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>How does the Network layer work with routers in data transmission?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>Routers, specialized devices at the Network layer, facilitate data transmission between different networks. They examine the destination IP address in data packets, determine the best route using routing tables, and forward packets to their destinations. This process allows for reliable and efficient data delivery.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>What types of Network layer implementations exist?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>Different types of Network layer implementations include IPv4, IPv6, MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching), ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), and IPsec (Internet Protocol Security), each serving specific functions in modern networks.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>How can the Network layer be utilized in the future?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>The future of the Network layer involves widespread adoption of IPv6 to address the growing scarcity of IPv4 addresses, integration with 5G networks to enhance performance, and advancements in Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) for improved network management.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>How do proxy servers relate to the Network layer?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>Proxy servers and the Network layer are closely associated. Proxies act as intermediaries between clients and external servers, utilizing the Network layer to route and forward data, hide IP addresses, cache content, and enhance overall network security and performance.<\/p>"},{"question":"<strong>What are the main challenges and solutions related to Network layer usage?<\/strong>","answer":"<p>Challenges include complex routing in large networks, security concerns, IPv4 address exhaustion, and packet loss. Solutions involve dynamic routing protocols, implementing security measures like IPsec, adopting IPv6, and using quality routers and QoS techniques.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/478166\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/478167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=478166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}