{"id":477898,"date":"2023-08-09T09:22:01","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T09:22:01","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2023-09-05T11:15:37","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T11:15:37","slug":"low-level-languages","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wiki\/low-level-languages\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 ENIAC (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 (CPU) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629:<\/strong> \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f:<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/strong> \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636:<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 (CPU) \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/th>\n<th>\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645:<\/strong> \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644:<\/strong> \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0644\u0629).<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.example.com\/low-level-languages-guide\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 1: \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.example.com\/assembly-language-intro\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 2: \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.example.com\/low-level-prog-advantages\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 3: \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":468816,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477898","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Low-Level Languages: A Comprehensive Overview<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What are low-level languages?","answer":"<p>Low-level languages are programming languages that provide little to no abstraction from the hardware architecture. They allow direct control over computer resources, making them efficient and powerful for system-level programming and embedded systems.<\/p>"},{"question":"What is the history of low-level languages?","answer":"<p>The concept of low-level languages dates back to the early days of computing when machine code was used to communicate directly with the hardware. The first mention of low-level languages can be traced during the development of ENIAC in the 1940s.<\/p>"},{"question":"How do low-level languages work?","answer":"<p>Low-level languages operate directly with the computer's CPU and memory. They use mnemonics to represent instructions that are translated into machine code for execution. These languages manipulate data in memory, perform arithmetic operations, and control execution flow through jumps and branches.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of low-level languages?","answer":"<p>Key features of low-level languages include direct hardware interaction, high efficiency, minimal abstraction, and lack of automatic memory management (garbage collection). These attributes make them suitable for resource-intensive tasks.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of low-level languages exist?","answer":"<p>There are two main types of low-level languages: Assembly Language and Machine Code. Assembly Language uses mnemonics to represent CPU instructions and requires an assembler for translation. Machine Code, on the other hand, consists of binary instructions directly executed by the CPU.<\/p>"},{"question":"In what ways are low-level languages used, and what challenges do they pose?","answer":"<p>Low-level languages find applications in system-level programming, embedded systems, and performance-critical applications. However, using them can be complex and error-prone due to manual memory management and hardware interaction. Portability across different architectures can also be a challenge.<\/p>"},{"question":"How do low-level languages compare with high-level languages and machine code?","answer":"<p>Low-level languages offer direct hardware access, minimal abstraction, and require manual memory management. In contrast, high-level languages provide abstraction, automatic memory management, and are more portable. Machine code is the lowest level language, consisting of binary instructions executed directly by the CPU.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the future perspectives of low-level languages?","answer":"<p>The future of low-level languages is tied to advancements in hardware and software technologies. As computing devices become more powerful, low-level languages will continue to be essential for system-level development and optimization. Compilers and development tools will also improve, easing the complexities of low-level programming.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers associated with low-level languages?","answer":"<p>While proxy servers are typically developed using higher-level languages, low-level languages can be utilized to optimize critical components. Low-level languages can be employed to improve efficiency in areas such as memory management, packet processing, and low-level network operations.<\/p>"},{"question":"Where can I find more information about low-level languages?","answer":"<p>For more in-depth insights into low-level languages, consider exploring the following resources:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.example.com\/low-level-languages-guide\" target=\"_new\">Understanding Low-Level Languages<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.example.com\/assembly-language-intro\" target=\"_new\">Introduction to Assembly Language<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.example.com\/low-level-prog-advantages\" target=\"_new\">Advantages and Disadvantages of Low-Level Programming<\/a><\/li><\/ul>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477898","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477898\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/468816"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477898"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}