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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a Token Ring\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 Layer 2 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a Ethernet\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 (LAN).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 (LAN)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a VLAN (\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a LAN \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629):<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a VLAN\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 VLAN.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645<\/th>\n<th>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 2)<\/td>\n<td>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0643<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 IP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0650\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 (LAN)<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 (WAN)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 IP\u060c OSPF\u060c BGP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 MAC<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629. 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\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 SDN:<\/strong> \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a (SDN) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629:<\/strong> \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 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\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 OneProxy\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 IP \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/528851\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEEE 802.1D<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/tech\/lan-switching\/spanning-tree-protocol\/index.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proxy_server\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 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\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477804","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol: Enhancing Network Efficiency and Reliability<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol?","answer":"<p>Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol is a critical element in computer networking that operates at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. It facilitates efficient and reliable data transmission between devices within the same local area network (LAN), optimizing network performance and user experience.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol originate?","answer":"<p>The concept of Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol can be traced back to the early days of computer networking when Ethernet was introduced in the late 1970s. The first mention of a more sophisticated data forwarding process similar to Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol can be found in the development of Transparent Bridging and the IEEE 802.1D standard published in 1990.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol work?","answer":"<p>Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol operates by forwarding data packets between devices based on their MAC addresses. When a device sends data, it examines the destination MAC address and determines the appropriate port to which the data should be sent. This enables direct communication between devices within the LAN without involving higher-layer protocols like IP.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol?","answer":"<p>Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol offers several key features, including high efficiency, low latency, scalability, loop prevention, and device independence. These features contribute to faster data delivery, reduced network overhead, and stable data transmission.<\/p>"},{"question":"What types of Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol exist?","answer":"<p>There are various types of Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol, each catering to specific network environments. The common types include Transparent Bridging, Source Routing Bridging, Source-Route Transparent Bridging, and Source-Route Token Ring Bridging.<\/p>"},{"question":"How is Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol used?","answer":"<p>Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol finds applications in Ethernet switching, local area networks (LANs), VLANs, and data centers, among others. It enables efficient communication between devices within the same LAN, ensuring high-speed data exchange.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the challenges related to Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol?","answer":"<p>Challenges related to Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol include broadcast storms, loop formation, and MAC address table overflow. These issues can impact network performance but can be mitigated with proper configurations and loop prevention mechanisms.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol relate to proxy servers?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers, such as those provided by OneProxy, can complement Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol by enhancing network performance through load balancing, caching, content filtering, and improving security and anonymity.<\/p>"},{"question":"What technologies are in the future for Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol?","answer":"<p>In the future, Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol is expected to see enhancements in loop prevention, improved multi-vendor interoperability, SDN integration, and hardware acceleration, further optimizing network communication.<\/p>"},{"question":"Where can I find more information about Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol?","answer":"<p>For more in-depth information about Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol, you can explore resources like the IEEE 802.1D Standard, articles on Transparent Bridging and Spanning Tree Protocol, and Proxy Servers and their applications.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477804","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477804\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477804"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}