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\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u060c \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a Integer overflow \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628<\/th>\n<th>\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062b\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (DoS)<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 DoS \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632<\/strong>: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644<\/strong>: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/strong>: \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645<\/strong>: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/th>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d Underflow<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 OneProxy\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/owasp.org\/www-community\/attacks\/Integer_Overflow\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">OWASP \u2013 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cwe.mitre.org\/data\/definitions\/190.html\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">CWE \u2013 CWE-190: \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0647<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.sei.cmu.edu\/confluence\/display\/seccode\/Integers\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">CERT \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u2013 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"featured_media":477623,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-477622","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"faq_title":"Frequently Asked Questions about <mark>Integer Overflow: A Comprehensive Overview<\/mark>","faq_items":[{"question":"What is integer overflow?","answer":"<p>Integer overflow occurs when a mathematical operation results in a value that exceeds the maximum representable integer for a given data type. It can lead to unexpected behaviors and security issues in software.<\/p>"},{"question":"How did integer overflow originate, and when was it first mentioned?","answer":"<p>The concept of integer overflow emerged alongside the development of computers and programming languages in the 1960s. The first formal mention of integer overflow dates back to the 1970s when programming languages like C and Fortran incorporated integer data types.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does integer overflow work?","answer":"<p>Integer overflow happens when a calculation results in a value outside the range of representable values for a specific data type. For example, a 32-bit signed integer can represent values from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. If a calculation exceeds this range, an overflow occurs, and the result wraps around.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the key features of integer overflow?","answer":"<p>The key features of integer overflow include wraparound behavior, context dependence, and its varying impact depending on the compiler and hardware architecture used.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the types of integer overflow?","answer":"<p>There are two main types of integer overflow: signed overflow and unsigned overflow. Signed overflow occurs when the result exceeds the maximum positive or minimum negative value for a signed integer, while unsigned overflow occurs when the result exceeds the maximum representable value for an unsigned integer.<\/p>"},{"question":"How can integer overflow be exploited, and what are the solutions?","answer":"<p>Attackers can misuse integer overflow to execute arbitrary code, trigger denial of service attacks, or escalate privileges. To mitigate integer overflow vulnerabilities, developers should implement input validation, choose appropriate data types, and perform boundary checks. Compiler flags and warnings, as well as language improvements, can also help prevent such vulnerabilities.<\/p>"},{"question":"How does integer overflow compare to other vulnerabilities like integer underflow and buffer overflow?","answer":"<p>Integer overflow is an arithmetic vulnerability that involves exceeding the maximum representable value, while integer underflow is the opposite, resulting in a value lower than the minimum representable value. Buffer overflow, on the other hand, is a memory-based vulnerability that allows attackers to execute code by exceeding buffer bounds.<\/p>"},{"question":"What are the future perspectives and technologies related to integer overflow?","answer":"<p>Future technologies may include formal verification, improved programming language type systems, and enhanced static code analysis to prevent and detect integer overflow vulnerabilities more effectively.<\/p>"},{"question":"How are proxy servers related to integer overflow?","answer":"<p>Proxy servers, like OneProxy, are not directly associated with integer overflow. However, they play a crucial role in enhancing online security and can act as a protective layer to mitigate potential exploits targeting this vulnerability.<\/p>"}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477622","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/wiki"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki\/477622\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/477623"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oneproxy.pro\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=477622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}